INFORMATION SHEET 5.3-1

Types of Maintenance

Maintenance is work that is done regularly to  keep  equipment,  building and grounds in good condition and working order. We need to learn the different kinds of maintenance in order to identify the activities  and proper procedures in the management of facilities as well as the time, money and materials involved.

Types  of Maintenance

The principal  objectives  of maintenance can be clearly defined as follows:

  1. To extend the useful life of assets (i.e. every part of the site, building and contents).
  2. To assure the optimum availability of installed equipment for protection (or service) and obtain the maximum possible return of investment.
  3. To  ensure  operational  readiness of all equipment required for emergency use.
  4. To  ensure the  safety of personnel  using facilities.

Generally,  there   two   (2)   types   of   maintenance system:

a     Planned

b.    Unplanned

  1. Planned Maintenance – Work activities are performed as scheduled/ expected. Work is based- on pre- conceived/ planned activities. Example: Changing of oil of car engine, this is controlled by two  factors  a)  mileage, b) time or whichever comes first.

The best source of information about scheduled maintenance is from the manufacturer. The owner’s portfolio that came with the product when it was new should include a scheduled maintenance booklet that may be incorporated in with the owner’s manual or it may be a separate booklet. If the  maintenance schedule booklet cannot be found, most

manufacturers will have that information on their website. Simply do as search for the  manufacturer on the Internet. When the  manufacturer’s site  is located, look for a tab for owner information and the  maintenance  schedule should be found there.

2. Preventive Maintenance – Maintenance performed to PREVENT or FIND failures BEFORE they develop into a breakdown.

  • Time-based Maintenance – based on calendar days or running hours or usage. (Inspection, cleaning, lubrication, programmed replacement and repairs). Example: Change oil every month or every 5,000 km.
  • Conditioned-based Maintenance – visual monitoring and condition monitoring technique (temperature, hydraulic fluid wear, surface condition, crack, leaks, vibration,  corrosion/erosion,  electric insulation, etc.).

Predictive Maintenance – Maintenance performed at a predetermined periods when the maintenance activity is most cost effective and before the equipment fails. The conditioning of equipment maybe done by the trainees or out-sourced based on the schedule of the vehicle maintenance. There are manufacturers or dealers who also provide after sales service or simply provide maintenance exclusive of products they produced.

Corrective Maintenance – Maintenance tasks initiated as a result of the observed or measured condition of an asset or system, before or after functional failure, to correct the problem. It is performed to REPAIR, RESTORE, REPLACE or CORRECT a failure. This activity may consists Corrective maintenance maybe planned or unplanned.

Controlled Maintenance (or Proactive Maintenance) – maintenance performed to stabilize the reliability of machines or equipment or to condition improvement/enhancement of  equipment. Example: Engine overhaul.

Breakdown Maintenance (or Reactive Maintenance) – it is maintenance performed as a reaction to failure or fails while in operation. Example: Repair of vehicle when the vehicle broke down while on travel

Unplanned Maintenance – Maintenance performed unexpectedly

  • Emergency – maintenance performed to put the item on hand IMMEDIATELY to avoid serious consequences, i.e. loss of production, disrupted

schedule, extensive damage to assets, idle workers or for safety reasons. Example: A hacksaw blade breaks-up during operation, this is an unplanned situation, what you need to do is buy new blade and replace it.

Emergency maintenance repairs should be requested as soon as you become aware of a problem. The maintenance staff will respond to emergencies as soon as possible to make necessary repairs with or without  an appointment. There are instances where you have to notify the security personnel, the  fire department, or other concerned office if the emergency  will cause serious damage to property and for safety reasons.